Table 1.
General and intracranial characteristics of patients and healthy volunteers.
| Characteristics | Brain-injured patients | Healthy volunteers | P value |
| Number of patients | 38 | 36 | - |
| Number of scans | 45 | 36 | - |
| Age (years) | 35 ± 14 | 32 ± 8 | 0.37 |
| Weight (kg) | 86 ± 14 | 75 ± 10 | 0.0003 |
| Sex (% male) | 80% | 75% | 0.82 |
| Overall ICU length of stay (days) | 17 ± 9 | - | - |
| SAPS II score | 21 ± 6 | - | - |
| Injury Severity Score (median [range]) | 25 (9–50) | - | - |
| Glasgow Coma Score (median [range]) | 7 (3–8) | - | - |
| Intracranial pressure (mmHg; [range]) | 18.7 ± 5.6 (7–34) | - | - |
| Optic nerve sheath diameter (mm) | 5.72 ± 0.71 | 5.08 ± 0.52 | 0.0001 |
| Optic nerve diameter (mm) | 2.65 ± 0.28 | 2.70 ± 0.23 | 0.26 |
| Head CT scan (Marshall's category; % of patients) | |||
| DI category I | 0% | - | - |
| DI category II | 55% | - | - |
| DI category III | 3% | - | - |
| DI category IV | 0% | - | - |
| EML | 39% | - | - |
| NEML | 3% | - | - |
Unless otherwise stated, values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. DI, diffuse injury; EML, evacuated mass lesion; ICU, intensive care unit; NEML, nonevacuated mass lesion; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score.