Fig. 3.

Barkor is indispensable for autophagy-mediated suppression of bacterial replication in vivo. (A) Atg7^+/+ and Atg7^−/− MEFs cells were infected with wild-type GFP-marked S. typhimurium (SL1344) (green) for 8 h and analyzed by immunostaining. Cells were counterstained with anti-tubulin antibody (red). (B) Atg7^+/+ or Atg7^−/− MEFs were infected with S. typhimurium (SL1344) for indicated times. The infected cells were treated with gentamicin sulfate to block extracellular bacterial amplification and then lysed, and internalized bacteria were plated on Petri dishes. The replication of bacteria was quantified by counting the colony number on the Petri plates. (C) Barkor-knockdown U₂OS cells were induced by doxycycline for 2 days and infected with S. typhimurium as described in A. (D) The bacterial growth in Barkor-knockdown U₂OS cells was measured as described in B.