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. 2008 Dec 3;14:2190–2203.

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cannabidiol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced late increases of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite and p38 MAPK activation. A: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused maximal increase in nitric oxide (NO) formation at 6 h and after. Cannabidiol (CBD) reduced NO formation during this period. Data shown is the mean of 4-6 experiments±SEM. Asterisk represents that it is significantly different at p<0.05 when compared with 0 time. B: LPS caused peroxynitrite formation as early as 15 min, followed by a further increase at 6-12 h. CBD reduced peroxynitrite formation during this period. Data shown is the mean of 6 experiments±SEM; asterisk represents that it is significantly different at p<0.005 as compared to CBD-treated. C: LPS treatment of microglial cells for 0-12 h induced a second peak of phospho-p38 MAPK at 2-6 h. CBD significantly reduced p38 MAPK activation level during this period. Data shown is the mean of 3 experiments±SEM; asterisk represents that it is significantly different at p<0.05 when compared with 0 time.