Table 2.
Unadjusted association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risk factors with cognitive impairment
| Cardiovascular risk factor | Cognitive impairment (N=1830) |
No Cognitive impairment (N=21,566) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <0.001 | ||
| 45–55 | 8.0% | 15.9% | |
| 56–65 | 26.2% | 37.8% | |
| 66–75 | 35.2% | 31.0% | |
| 76–85 | 25.2% | 13.7% | |
| >85 | 5.4% | 1.6% | |
| Male | 46.7% | 39.9% | <0.001 |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than high school | 25.1% | 10.6% | |
| High school | 30.5% | 25.7% | |
| Post high school/Professional | 44.4% | 63.7% | |
| CKD | 17.3% | 10.5% | <0.001 |
| Prior Stroke or TIA | 15.7% | 8.9% | <0.001 |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 18.4% | 12.6% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 28.0% | 19.9% | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 66.1% | 56.9% | <0.001 |
| Elevated cholesterol | 55.7% | 54.8% | 0.5 |
| Tobacco use (ever vs. never) | 54.7% | 53.1% | 0.2 |
| Obese | 37.4% | 38.8% | 0.2 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 11.3% | 5.9% | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 9.8% | 8.8% | 0.1 |
Abbreviation: TIA - transient ischemic attack.