TABLE 1.
Complete list of Clostridium perfringens isolates typed by MLST, including outbreak attributes, ST, bacitracin MIC determined by Etest, and presence or absence of netB, tpeL, and cpb2 genes detected by PCR
| Isolateb | Outbreak no. | Date received | Processora | ST | Bird health | Culture source | Bacitracin MIC (μg/ml) | Presence ofc:
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netB | tpeL | cpb2 | ||||||||
| 01 | 1 | Feb. 2005 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | − | − |
| 02 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | − | − | ||
| 03 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | − | − | − | ||
| 04 | 1 | 10 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | − | − | ||
| 05 | 2 | Mar. 2005 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − |
| 06 | 1 | 02 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 07 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 08 | 1 | 10 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 09 | 3 | July 2005 | 1 | 04 | NE, sick | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − |
| 10 | 1 | 03 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | − | − | ||
| 11 | 1 | 04 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 12 | 1 | 04 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | − | − | ||
| 13 | 4 | Aug. 2005 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − |
| 14 | 1 | 05 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | − | − | ||
| 15 | 1 | 06 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | − | − | ||
| 16 | 5 | Aug. 2005 | 1 | 07 | Healthy | Cecum | 1.5 | − | − | − |
| 17 | 1 | 19 | Healthy | Cecum | 1.5 | − | − | − | ||
| 18 | 1 | 08 | Healthy | Cecum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 19 | 1 | 08 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 20 | 1 | 09 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 21 | 1 | 08 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 22 | 6 | Apr. 2006 | 1 | 01 | Healthy | Cecum | 3 | + | + | − |
| 23 | 1 | 10 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | + | − | ||
| 24 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | + | − | ||
| 25 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 26 | 7 | Sept. 2006 | 1 | 11 | Healthy | Cecum | 2 | + | + | − |
| 27 | 1 | 12 | Healthy | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 28 | 1 | 13 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 29 | 1 | 13 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 30 | 1 | 14 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 31 | 8 | Nov. 2006 | 1 | 10 | NE, dead | Cecum | 2 | + | − | − |
| 32 | 1 | 15 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 3 | + | − | − | ||
| 33 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 2 | − | − | − | ||
| 34 | 1 | 10 | Healthy | Duodenum | 2 | + | + | − | ||
| 35 | 9 | Mar. 2007 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − |
| 36 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 37 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Mid-small intestine | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 38 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 39 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 40 | 10 | Mar. 2007 | 1 | 10 | NE, sick | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − |
| 41 | 1 | 01 | NE, sick | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 42 | 1 | 16 | NE, dead | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 43 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Mid-small intestine | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 44 | 1 | 10 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 45 | Nonoutbreak | July 2007 | 2, farm 1 | 17 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | − |
| 46 | 2, farm 1 | 19 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | − | ||
| 47 | 2, farm 2 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 48 | 2, farm 2 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 49 | 2, farm 3 | 19 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | − | ||
| 50 | Nonoutbreak | July 2007 | 2, farm 4 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + |
| 51 | 2, farm 5 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 52 | 2, farm 6 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 53 | 2, farm 7 | 18 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 54 | 2, farm 1 | 20 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 55 | 2, farm 1 | 21 | Healthy | Cecum | >256 | − | − | + | ||
| 56 | 11 | Nov. 2007 | 1 | 06 | NE, dead | Cecum | 2 | + | − | − |
| 57 | 1 | 22 | NE, dead | Duodenum | 1.5 | + | − | − | ||
| 58 | 1 | 01 | NE, dead | Duodenum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 59 | 1 | 01 | NE, sick | Cecum | >256 | + | − | − | ||
| 60 | Nonoutbreak | Dec. 2007 | 1 | 06 | Healthy | Cecum | 2 | + | − | − |
| 61 | 1 | 06 | Healthy | Cecum | 2 | + | − | − | ||
a
Processor 1, no antimicrobial agent use; processor 2, conventional antimicrobial agent use.
b
Each pair of isolates 16 and 17, 23 and 24, 35 and 36, 40 and 41, and 60 and 61 was recovered from the same intestinal sample of a single bird within a given outbreak.
c
+, present; −, absent.