Table 6.
Most commonly used drugs (use per 1000 children per year) by anatomical level and age in 2005 plus paediatric licensing status in Italy
| Drug class and name | <2 years | 2-11 years | Total users/1000 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No/1000 | % off label | No/1000 | % off label | |||
| Alimentary tract (A) | ||||||
| Domperidone | 250 | 0 | 649 | 0 | 899 | |
| Sodium fluoride | 571 | 0 | 192 | 0 | 763 | |
| Cimetropium bromide | 341 | 0 | 124 | 0 | 465 | |
| Nystatin | 139 | 0 | 133 | 0 | 272 | |
| Lactitol | 45 | 0 | 168 | 0 | 213 | |
| Blood and blood forming organs (B) | ||||||
| Electrolytes | 124 | 0 | 151 | 0 | 275 | |
| Tranexamic acid | 4 | 0 | 168 | 0 | 172 | |
| Phytomenadione | 88 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 97 | |
| Ferrous gluconate | 6 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 68 | |
| Ferrous sulphate | 0 | NA | 48 | 0 | 48 | |
| Cardiovascular (C) | ||||||
| Epinephrine | 16 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 72 | |
| Hydrocortisone | 0 | NA | 14 | 0 | 14 | |
| Furosemide | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 13 | |
| Oxetacaine | 0 | NA | 8 | 0 | 8 | |
| Disopyramide | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Dermatological (D) | ||||||
| Betamethasone/antibiotics | 205 | 0 | 431 | 0 | 636 | |
| Mometasone | 240 | 0 | 362 | 0 | 602 | |
| Mupirocin | 90 | 0 | 313 | 0 | 403 | |
| Clotrimazole | 175 | 100 | 118 | 100 | 293 | |
| Econazole | 90 | 100 | 83 | 100 | 173 | |
| Genitourinary system and sex hormones (G) | ||||||
| Conjugated oestrogens | 57 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 83 | |
| Oxybutynin | 0 | NA | 37 | 0 | 37 | |
| Benzydamine | 2 | 100 | 19 | 100 | 21 | |
| Povidone-iodine | 1 | 100 | 14 | 100 | 15 | |
| Estriol | 9 | 100 | 5 | 100 | 14 | |
| Systemic hormonal preparations (H) | ||||||
| Betamethasone | 1430 | 0 | 2064 | 0 | 3494 | |
| Prednisone | 5 | 0 | 240 | 0 | 245 | |
| Desmopressin | 0 | NA | 120 | 0 | 120 | |
| Dexamethasone | 18 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 24 | |
| Levothyroxine | 5 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 22 | |
| Anti-infectives for systemic use (J) | ||||||
| Amoxicillin | 2573 | 0 | 3603 | 0 | 6176 | |
| Co-amoxiclav | 1760 | 0 | 4210 | 0 | 5970 | |
| Azithromycin | 666 | 0 | 2616 | 0 | 3282 | |
| Clarithromycin | 683 | 0 | 2385 | 0 | 3068 | |
| Aciclovir | 309 | 0 | 739 | 0 | 1048 | |
| Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (L) | ||||||
| Pidotimod | 11 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 91 | |
| Leuprorelin | 0 | NA | 7 | 100 | 7 | |
| Triptorelin | 0 | NA | 6 | 100 | 6 | |
| Methotrexate | 0 | NA | 5 | 100 | 5 | |
| Ciclosporin | 0 | NA | 3 | 100 | 3 | |
| Musculoskeletal system (M) | ||||||
| Ibuprofen | 508 | 100 | 1399 | 100 | 1907 | |
| Morniflumate | 118 | 100 | 446 | 100 | 564 | |
| Ketoprofen | 8 | 0 | 354 | 0 | 362 | |
| Flurbiprofen | 19 | 0 | 220 | 0 | 239 | |
| Niflumic acid | 62 | 0 | 168 | 0 | 232 | |
| Nervous system (N) | ||||||
| Paracetamol | 603 | 0 | 491 | 0 | 1094 | |
| Paracetamol, combinations | 255 | 0 | 506 | 0 | 761 | |
| Niaprazine | 158 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 197 | |
| Diazepam | 41 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 126 | |
| Valproic acid | 4 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 43 | |
| Antiparasitic drugs, insecticides, and repellents (P) | ||||||
| Mebendazole | 38 | 0 | 479 | 0 | 517 | |
| Pyrantel | 11 | 0 | 145 | 0 | 156 | |
| Mefloquine | 8 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 24 | |
| Albendazole | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 23 | |
| Permethrin | 0 | NA | 13 | 0 | 13 | |
| Respiratory system (R) | ||||||
| Beclometasone | 1584 | 0 | 2849 | 0 | 4433 | |
| Salbutamol | 1202 | 0 | 1932 | 0 | 3134 | |
| Flunisolide | 615 | 0 | 1256 | 0 | 1871 | |
| Cetirizine | 234 | 0 | 1435 | 0 | 1669 | |
| Salbutamol combinations | 537 | 0 | 725 | 0 | 1262 | |
| Sensory organs (S) | ||||||
| Tobramycin | 441 | 0 | 515 | 0 | 956 | |
| Anti-infectives, combinations | 117 | 0 | 256 | 0 | 373 | |
| Dexamethasone and anti-infectives | 42 | 100 | 229 | 100 | 271 | |
| Nedocromil | 43 | 0 | 156 | 0 | 199 | |
| Combinations of different antibiotics | 90 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 165 | |
NA=not assessable.