Fig. 5.
Representative 2-dimensional parasternal axis view echocardiographic images from littermates aged 24 wk with left ventricular (LV) diameters indicated in diastole and systole (top) and values from motion mode (M-mode) measurements (bottom). Values are means ± SE for n mice. LVEDd and LVEDs, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters; IVSd, diastolic thickness of the septum; LVPWd, diastolic posterior wall thickness of LV; LV mass, calculated LV mass {[(IVSd + LVEDd + LVPWd)3 − LVEDd] × 1.055}; BW, body weight; FS, % of fractional shortening calculated as (LVEDd − LVESd)/LVEDd × 100; EF, ejection fraction (Teichholz); Vcf, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening {FS/LV ejection time [circumference (circ)/s]}; bpm, beats/min. *P < 0.05 vs. WT.