Skip to main content
. 2008 Dec;72(4):728–764. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00017-08

TABLE 2.

Genes of lactobacilli putatively involved in stress resistance studied by mutant analysis

Functional category Gene or locus tag(s)a Identification approachb Putative function Organism Mutant phenotype Reference(s)
Cell envelope lr1516 Microarray expression analysis Putative esterase involved in PG biosynthesis and reorganization L. reuteri ATCC 55730 Increased sensitivity to acid and bile 266, 277
LBA1272 Dedicated approach Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid 127
dltD Dedicated approach d-Alanylation of LTA L. rhamnosus GG Increased sensitivity to simulated gastric juice (pH 2), increased sensitivity to defensins 188
dltA Dedicated approach d-Alanylation of LTA L. reuteri 100-23 Decreased adaptation to acid, increased sensitivity to defensins 270
slpA Dedicated approach S-layer protein L. acidophilus NCFM Increased resistance to bile, decreased resistance to osmotic stress 127
cdpA Comp. gen. (weak similarity to S-layer proteins) Cell division and separation protein L. acidophilus NCFM Increased resistance to bile, decreased resistance to osmotic stress 3, 127
Protection and repair DNA and proteins dps Microarray expression analysis DNA protection during starvation and other stresses L. reuteri ATCC 55730 No significantly increased sensitivity to bile 277
clpL Microarray expression analysis Clp ATPase (chaperone) L. reuteri ATCC 55730 Increased sensitivity to acid and bile 6, 277
clpE Microarray expression analysis Clp ATPase (chaperone) L. reuteri ATCC 55730 No significantly increased sensitivity to bile 277
clpC R-IVET Clp ATPase (chaperone) L. plantarum WCFS1 Reduced persistence capacity in vivo 31, 33
msrB IVET Methionine sulfoxide reductase L. reuteri 100-23 Reduced persistence capacity in vivo 268, 269
luxS Dedicated approach Activated methyl cycle L. rhamnosus GG Reduced persistence capacity in vivo 135
2CRS regulators LBA1524 Comp.gen. (in silico) Histidine protein kinase L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid 11
LBA1430* Microarray expression analysis Histidine protein kinase L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to bile 191
LBA1431* Microarray expression analysis Response regulator L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to bile 191
LBA1432* Microarray expression analysis Hypothetical protein with similarity to RelA/SpoT L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to bile 191
rrp-1 Dedicated approach Response regulator L. sakei 23K Increased sensitivity to acid 173
rrp-48 Dedicated approach Response regulator L. sakei 23K Increased sensitivity to acid 173
Active removal of stressors copA R-IVET Copper-transporting ATPase L. plantarum WCFS1 Reduced competitive ability in mouse intestine 31, 33
gadC (LBA0057) Comp.gen. (genome)c Glutamate/γ-aminobutyrate antiporter L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid 10
LBA0867 Comp.gen. (genome)c Transcriptional regulator L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid and bile 10
LBA0995 Comp.gen. (genome)c Amino acid permease L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid and bile 10
LBA0996 Comp.gen. (genome)c Ornithine decarboxylase L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to acid but increased resistance to bile 10
Lr1265 Microarray expression analysis Multidrug resistance protein (ABC transporter family) L. reuteri ATCC 55730 Decreased adaptation to bile 277
Lr1584 Microarray expression analysis MDR protein (major facilitator family) L. reuteri ATCC 55730 Decreased adaptation to bile 277
LBA1427* Microarray expression analysis Putative oxidoreductase, role in bile salt modification? L. acidophilus NCFM Increased tolerance to bile 191
LBA1428* Microarray expression analysis Hypothetical protein with similarity to redox proteins, role in bile salt modification? L. acidophilus NCFM Increased tolerance to bile 191
LBA1429* Microarray expression analysis MDR protein (major facilitator family) L. acidophilus NCFM Increased sensitivity to bile 191
bshA Comp.gen. (genome) Bile salt hydrolase L. acidophilus NCFM Inability to hydrolyze bile salts conjugated to chenodeoxycholic acid; no altered bile tolerance 165
bshB Comp.gen. (genome) Bile salt hydrolase L. acidophilus NCFM Inability to hydrolyze bile salts conjugated to taurine; no altered bile tolerance 165
LJ0056, LJ1147, LJ1413 Comp.gen. (genome) Bile salt hydrolases L. johnsonii NCC533 A triple mutant showed gut persistence similar to that of the wild type 67
bsh1 Comp.gen. (genome) Bile salt hydrolase L. plantarum WCFS1 Reduced tolerance to glycodeoxycholic acid but not to taurodeoxycholic acid 132
a

*, these genes are located in an operon in L. acidophilus NCFM (191).

b

Comp.gen., comparative genomics.

c

Genome, information based on genome sequence.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure