TABLE 11.
Amphiphilic cationic dyes
| Name or abbreviation | Molecular formula | Other names | Inhibitory potency (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhodamine B | C28H31ClN2O3 | N-(9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-ethylethanaminium chloride; rheonine B; rhodamine O; rhodamine S | 475 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 125 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52) |
| Rhodamine 123 | C21H17ClN2O3 | 3,6-Diamino-9-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)xanthylium chloride; RH 123 | 270 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 141 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52); 580 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268); 177 μMb (rat liver MF1-ATPase) (113) |
| Rhodamine 6G | C28H31ClN2O3 | Basic rhodamine yellow; rhodamine J | 10 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 27 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (143); 2 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52); 34 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268); 2.4 μMb (S. cerevisiae MF1-ATPase) (433); 1.95 μMb (S. cerevisiae MF0F1-ATPase) (433); 1.91 μMb (S. cerevisiae SMP-ATPase) (433) |
| Rosaniline | C20H20ClN3 | Magenta base; 4-((4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl)-2-methylbenzenamine | 15 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 16 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52) |
| Malachite green | C23H25N2Cl | Aniline green; benzal green; Victoria green; (4-(4-dimethylaminobenzhydriylidene)cyclo-hexa-2,5-dienylidene)dimethylammonium chloride | 14 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 7 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52) |
| Brilliant green | C27H33N2.HO4S | Basic green 1; (4-(4-(diethylamino)benzhydrylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)diethylammonium hydrogen sulfate | 27 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268) |
| Quinacrine | C23H30ClN3O | 2-Methoxy-6-chloro-9-diethylaminopentylaminoacridine; 3-chloro-7-methoxy-9-(1-methyl-4-diethylaminobutylamino)acridine; mepacrine | 580 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268); 580 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (220); 440 μMb (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (220) |
| Quinacrine mustard | C23H28Cl3N3O | Quinacrine mustard dihydrochloride; 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-(3-(ethyl-2-chloroethyl)aminopropylamino)acridine dihydrochloride; 9-[4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-methylbutylamino]-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine dihydrochloride | 5.3 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268); 27 μMc (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (53) |
| Acridine orange | C17H19N3Cl | 3,6-Acridinediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-, monohydrochloride; 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridine hydrochloride; rhoduline orange | 180 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 1 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52); 68 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268) |
| Coriphosphine | C16H17N3.HCl | Coriphosphine O; coriphosphine OX; 3-amino-6-(dimethylamino)-2-methylacridine monohydrochloride | 480 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 16 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52) |
| Pyronin Y | C17H19ClN2O | Pyronine; pyronin G | 1.65 mMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 10 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52); 70 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268) |
| Dequalinium | C30H40N4 | 1,1′-(1,10-Decanediyl)bis(4-amino-2-methyl-quinolinium | 8 μMa (52), 12 μMa (452), 46 μMa (143) (bovine heart MF1-ATPase); 24 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268); 50 μMa (TF1-ATPase, photoinactivation) (296);19 mM (Bacillus PS3 ATPase, αβγ complex) (143); 4 μMb (spinach CF1, Ca2+-ATPase) (329); 12.5 μMc (TF1-ATPase) (296); 12.5 μMc (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (452) |
| Safranin O | C20H19ClN4 | Basic red 2; 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazinium chloride; safranine T | 1.14 mMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 175 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1-ATPase) (52); 330 μMa (EF0F1-ATPase) (268) |
| Nile blue A | C20H20N3OCl | Nile blue; Nile blue AX; 5-amino-9-(diethylamino)benzo(a)phenoxazine-7-ium chloride | >2,000 μMa (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (52); 16 μMa (bovine heart MF0F1) (52) |
| EtBr | C21H20BrN3 | Ethidium bromide; homidium bromide; AI3-62997; 2,7-diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridinium bromide | 220 μMa (S. cerevisiae MF1-ATPase) (82); 250 μMa (Trypanosoma cruzi F0F1-ATPase) (66); 279 μMb (S. cerevisiae MF1-ATPase) (433); 256 μMb (S. cerevisiae MF0F1-ATPase) (433); 263.6b μM (S. cerevisiae SMP-ATPase) (433) |
a
I50.
b
Ki.
c
Kd.