TABLE 5.
Flavones and isoflavones
| Name | Molecular formula | Source | Other names | Inhibitory potency (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | C15H10O7 | Various plants | 3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone; natural yellow 10; meletin; flavin meletin; quercetol; Xanthaurine | 5 kmol/mola (232), 85 μMa (343) (bovine heart MF1-ATPase); 180 μMa (bovine heart SMP-ATPase) (343); 50 μMa (rat brain F0F1-ATPase) (448); 3 μMa (rat liver F1-ATPase) (449); 2 kmol/mola (spinach CF1-ATPase) (232); 2.6 μg/mg proteina (C. asciculate SMP-ATPase) (439); 0.2 mMb (pig heart MF1-ATPase) (100); 27 μMc (bovine heart MF1-ATPase) (232); 46% inhibition at 5 μM (C. thermoaceticum membrane-bound F0F1-ATPase) (190) |
| Kaempferol | C15H10O6 | Delphinium, witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources | Kempferol; campherol; indigo yellow; nimbecetin; pelargidenolon; populnetin; rhamnolutein; 3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone; trifolitin | 55 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase) (448) |
| Morin | C15H10O7 | Various plants | 2′,3,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone; 2′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-ol; 3,5,7,2′,4′-pentahydroxyflavonol; al-morin; aurantica; calico yellow; osage orange | 60 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase) (448) |
| Apigenin | C15H10O5 | Parsley, artichoke, basil, celery and other plants | 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavaone; 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromone; apigenol; chamomile; spigenin | 105 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase (448) |
| Genistein | C15H10O5 | Soybean | 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone; genisteol; genisterin; prunetol; sophoricol; differenol A | 55 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase) (448); 10% inhibition at 50 μM (rat liver F1-ATPase) (449) |
| Biochanin A | C16H12O5 | Soybean | Biochanin; 4′-methylgenistein; 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone; CCRIS 5449; 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone | 65 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase) (448) |
| Daidzein | C15H10O4 | Soybean | 4′,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone; daidzeol; 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone | 127 μMa (rat brain MF0F1-ATPase) (448) |
a
I50.
b
Ki.
c
Kd.