Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Comp Neurol. 2005 Nov 21;492(3):370–379. doi: 10.1002/cne.20745

Fig. 5. Catecholaminergic and cholinergic co-phenotypes in primate intrinsic cardiac innervation.

Fig. 5

Confocal images of double immunofluorescence illustrate that TH (B, C) and VMAT2 (E, F) are present in a major subpopulation of the VAChT-positive neuronal cell bodies of an intracardiac parasympathetic ganglion. Note adjacent TH-positive, VAChT-negative extrinsic catecholaminergic nerve fibers (asterisks in A and B). A subpopulation of TH-positive catecholaminergic nerves in the left ventricle also stains for VAChT (arrows in G, H, I). Note discrepancies between varicose fiber space staining for VAChT and TH in G-I which are due to the pan-cytoplasmic varicose and non-varicose localization of the enzyme TH in contrast to the concentration of VAChT to areas of the nerve fiber with local enrichment of cholinergic small clear vesicles. Arrow heads in G-I mark TH+ but VAChT negative fiber. Size bars 50 μm (A-C; D-I).