Evidence for selective loss of DA containing neurons in SNc |
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Loss or reduction of DA neuron markers in nigrostriatal circuit: TH, VMAT, AADC, Drd1a, Drd3, Drd4, DAT, CCK, NTR-1, alpha-synuclein, Nurr1, D2R |
Hwang-2003, Nunes-2003, Smidt-2003, Singh-2007, van den Munckhof-2003, van den Munckhof-2006, Kas-2008 |
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Loss of nissl staining in SNc |
Hwang-2003, Nunes-2003, Smidt-2003, van den Munckhof-2003
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Loss of DA content in dorsal striatum as measured by HPLC/voltammetry |
Hwang-2003, van den Munckhof-2003, Nunes-2003, Kas-2008 |
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Loss of retrograde labeling when fluorogold is injected into dorsal striatum |
Hwang-2003, Nunes-2003, Smidt-2003, |
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Increase in enkephalin mRNA expression, decrease in neurotensin mRNA expression |
van den Munckhof-2006 |
Evidence for PD-like motor deficits in aphakia mice |
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Impairments in rotarod, balance beam, pole test, string test, cotton shred, hind-limb stepping, spontaneous locomotor activity |
Hwang-2005, Singh-2007, van den Munckhof-2006, |
Evidence for responsivity to L-Dopa |
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Reversal of motor deficits by acute L-Dopa |
Hwang-2005, van den Munckhof-2006 |
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dyskinesia-like behavioral and biochemical alterations in response to chronic L-Dopa |
Ding 2007 |
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Increase in c-fos in the dorsal striatum in response to acute L-Dopa (indicative of denervations supersensitivity) |
Hwang-2005 |