Table 1.
Effect of immuno-stimulation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles
Substance | Sham | Saline | LPS | Kruskal-Wallis H(2, N = 33) |
Alkanes | ||||
Octadecane | 0,17 ± 0,11 | 0,18 ± 0,05 | 0,19 ± 0,11 | NS |
Nonadecane | 0,29 ± 0,14 | 0,35 ± 0,21 | 0,15 ± 0,04 | NS |
Eicosane | 0,09 ± 0,04 | 0,09 ± 0,03 | 0,06 ± 0,04 | NS |
Heneicosane | 1,24 ± 0,40 | 1,73 ± 0,65 | 0,84 ± 0,20 | NS |
Docosane | 0,14 ± 0,02 | 0,16 ± 0,04 | 0,11 ± 0,02 | NS |
Tricosane | 4,42 ± 0,73 | 4,70 ± 0,89 | 3,92 ± 0,39 | NS |
Tetracosane | tr | tr | tr | NS |
Pentacosane | 2,88 ± 0,66 | 2,76 ± 0,16 | 2,99 ± 0,17 | NS |
Hexacosane | 0,38 ± 0,13 | 0,38 ± 0,07 | 0,34 ± 0,04 | NS |
Heptacosane | 10,21 ± 3,91 | 9,76 ± 1,76 | 9,88 ± 1,45 | NS |
Octacosane | 0,67 ± 0,06 | 0,62 ± 0,04 | 0,59 ± 0,06 | NS |
Nonacosane | 14,15 ± 0,83 | 12,56 ± 1,52 | 12,33 ± 1,12 | NS |
Tritriacontane | 0,72 ± 0,15 | 0,76 ± 0,06 | 0,77 ± 0,06 | NS |
Hentriacontane | 17,24 ± 3,59 | 17,49 ± 1,99 | 18,70 ± 1,12 | NS |
Dotriacontane | 0,23 ± 0,06 | 0,30 ± 0,08 | 0,30 ± 0,07 | p = 0.05 |
Tritriacontane | 3,03 ± 0,93 | 4,60 ± 1,51 | 4,51 ± 1,00 | p = 0.024 |
Alkenes | ||||
Nonadecene | tr | tr | tr | NS |
Tricosene | 0,30 ± 0,08 | 0,31 ± 0,06 | 0,29 ± 0,03 | NS |
Pentacosene | 0,37 ± 0,06 | 0,35 ± 0,05 | 0,32 ± 0,03 | p = 0.049 |
Heptacosene | 0,39 ± 0,11 | 0,36 ± 0,13 | 0,26 ± 0,04 | p = 0.001 |
Nonacosene | 1,17 ± 0,09 | 0,96 ± 0,10 | 0,98 ± 0,08 | p = 0.014 |
Hentriacontene Isomere1 | 4,42 ± 0,47 | 4,23 ± 0,21 | 4,37 ± 0,52 | NS |
Hentriacontene Isomere 2 | 6,17 ± 0,52 | 6,06 ± 0,24 | 6,28 ± 0,61 | NS |
Dotriacontene | 0,89 ± 0,12 | 0,98 ± 0,04 | 1,02 ± 0,08 | p = 0.026 |
Tritriacontene | 16,77 ± 3,02 | 19,24 ± 0,49 | 20,30 ± 1,71 | p = 0.01 |
Alkynes | ||||
Pentacosyne | tr | tr | tr | NS |
Tritriacontyne | 2,08 ± 0,46 | 2,43 ± 0,83 | 2,44 ± 0,31 | NS |
Methylalkanes | ||||
11,13,15-Methylpentacosane | 0,30 ± 0,07 | 0,29 ± 0,07 | 0,38 ± 0,04 | NS |
11,13-Methylheptacosane | 2,39 ± 0,31 | 2,60 ± 0,58 | 2,50 ± 0,21 | NS |
11,13,15-Methylnonacosane | 2,15 ± 0,19 | 2,34 ± 0,56 | 2,27 ± 0,24 | NS |
11,13,15-Methylhentriacontane | 1,31 ± 0,12 | 1,43 ± 0,35 | 1,42 ± 0,15 | NS |
11,13,15,17-Methyltritriacontane | 0,56 ± 0,07 | 0,68 ± 0,17 | 0,69 ± 0,08 | NS |
Data for this figure were obtained from gas chromatography analysis of cuticular washes of worker bees from colony SDI8 (10 Sham bees, 11 Saline-injected bees, 12 LPS-injected bees). These data represent the relative proportions of each compound found across all three treatment groups. For the discriminant analysis, the 3 compounds in italics were not used for analyses, due to their very low proportion (<0.1%).