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. 2008 Nov 24;105(48):18830–18835. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807657105

Table 2.

Factors (F), covariates (C) and their interactions in univariate general linear models found to predict the latency for A. gundlachi to orient towards robot displays given at distances (A) typical of most receivers and (B) extreme for receivers

A Typical-receiver distance: overall model, F(10,147) = 3.82, P < 0.001
Independent variable d.f. F P
Intercept 1 5.01 0.027
Display-type (F) 2 0.52 0.596
Light (C) 1 1.32 0.253
Visual noise (C) 1 2.23 0.138
Robot ID (C) 1 0.04 0.843
Display-type*light 2 10.11 <0.001
Display-type*light*robot ID 3 7.40 <0.001
B Extreme-receiver distance: overall model, F(7,164) = 2.26, P = 0.032
Independent variable d.f. F P
Intercept 1 39.77 <0.001
Display-type (F) 2 4.03 0.020
Light (C) 1 5.62 0.019
Visual noise (C) 1 1.60 0.207
Robot ID (C) 1 0.54 0.464
Display-type*robot ID 2 4.44 0.013

All covariate interactions with display-type (F) were initially considered and only those significantly contributing to the final model were retained (P < 0.10).