Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristic | No Event (n=217) | Event (n=50) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64±11 | 71±9 | <0.001 |
| Gender, % female | 53 (24%) | 17 (34%) | 0.17 |
| Race, % Black | 45 (21%) | 8 (16%) | 0.45 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 85 (39%) | 29 (58%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension, % | 154 (71%) | 42 (84%) | 0.06 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 78 (36%) | 24 (48%) | 0.11 |
| History of heart failure, % | 16 (7%) | 6 (12%) | 0.28 |
| History of smoking, % | 165 (76%) | 33 (66%) | 0.14 |
| Ex-smoker (%) | 72 (33%) | 20 (40%) | 0.36 |
| Current Smoker (%) | 93 (43%) | 13 (26%) | 0.03 |
| History of hypercholesterolemia, % | 132 (61%) | 30 (63%) | 0.86 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (n=194) | 175±40 | 166±55 | 0.23 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL (n=182) | 100±35 | 84±35 | 0.02 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL (n=191) | 42±12 | 40±13 | 0.30 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL (n=186) | 172±103 | 200±227 | 0.48 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (n=267) | 1.2±1.4 | 1.6±1.6 | 0.06 |
| White blood cell count, 1000/μL (n=259) | 8.3±2.8 | 9.0±3.0 | 0.15 |
| Hematocrit, % (n=167) | 38.6±6.5 | 38.5±5.5 | 0.92 |
| Carotid endarterectomy, % | 59 (27%) | 4 (8%) | 0.004 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy, % | 90 (42%) | 27 (54%) | 0.11 |
| Lipid lowering therapy, % (n=257) | 111 (53%) | 23 (48%) | 0.52 |
| Beta-blocker therapy, % | 117 (54%) | 33 (66%) | 0.12 |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 40 (18%) | 11 (22%) | 0.56 |
| Nitrate, % | 12 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 0.90 |
| Aspirin and/or clopidogrel, % | 126 (58%) | 31 (62%) | 0.61 |
| Ascorbic acid therapy, % (n=226) | 8 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 0.48 |
Data are mean±SD or No. and percentage as indicated. Sample size is 267 unless otherwise indicated. ACE indicates angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.