Table 1.

Schematic demonstrating how habitat filtering and competition affect patterns in the distribution of community members across phylogenies (black dots), species-to-genus ratios and the phylogenetic structure of communities. NRI, net relatedness index; NTI, nearest taxon index.

process	habitat filtering: species share traits that allow them to exist in a particular environment	random: neither process strongly effects community assembly nor multiple factors working in opposing directions	competition: only species that are not too ecologically similar are able to coexist
traits	conserved: if traits are convergent the patterns are similar to those shown for competition	either conserved or convergent	conserved: if traits are convergent the patterns are similar to those shown for random communities
distribution of community species on phylogeny
species : genus ratio	more species per genus than expected by chance	no more or less species per genus than expected by chance	fewer species per genus than expected by chance
phylogenetic structure	phylogenetic clustering (positive NRI and NTI scores)	random phylogenetic structure (NRI and NTI scores not significantly different from zero)	phylogenetic overdispersion (negative NRI and NTI scores)