Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards of GRK5-Q41L polymorphism, β-blocker use, and death/transplant, adjusted for age at heart failure diagnosis and sex (n=375).

Group			Hazard ratio	95% CI	P-value
Genotype†	β-blocker	N (# of Events)
Without adjustment for % African ancestry *
Q41	−	34 (17)	1.0 (reference)	--	--
Q41	+	182 (37)	0.19	0.10 to 0.34	<0.001
L41	−	27 (8)	0.28	0.12 to 0.66	0.004
L41	+	132 (27)	0.20	0.05 to 0.80	0.02
With adjustment for % African ancestry **
Q41	−	34 (17)	1.0 (reference)	--	--
Q41	+	182 (37)	0.19	0.10 to 0.37	<0.001
L41	−	27 (8)	0.31	0.13 to 0.73	0.007
L41	+	132 (27)	0.20	0.05 to 0.84	0.03

^*Likelihood ratio test P-value (GRK5-Q41 status and β-blocker usage interaction) = 0.005.

^**Likelihood ratio test P-value = 0.01.

^†L41 represents heterozygotes; see text for effects of homozygotes.