Fig. 3.

Schematic of the layers at nuclear fiber cell interfaces. The dimensions of each membrane, d_m, is 7 nm and of the ECS, d_e, is variable from 1 nm to 100 nm. As described in the text, the refractive index of the cytoplasm, n_cyto, is between 1.40 and 1.42, of the membranes, n_m, is higher at about 1.50 and of the ECS, n_e, is lower at about 1.35. These values can be varied to reflect aging and cataract formation.