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. 2008 Dec 16;3(12):e3945. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003945

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Kawakita et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Ovulation-induced pregnant mice were mated and were given drinking water with nicotine during pregnancy. At noon on gestational day 15, the fetuses were sacrificed, and their legs were histologically investigated. A: Skeletal growth estimated by measuring the femur length (FL) and the length of the hypertrophic zone of the femur (HL). B: FL (mm), C: HL/FL (%) of E15.5 fetuses whose mothers were given drinking water with or without nicotine. Nicotine significantly decreased FL and HL/FL.