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. 2008 Sep 18;23(12):2031–2045. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0771-1

Table 2.

Change from Baseline to 3-Month Follow-up for EOL Knowledge, Attitudes/Feelings, and Behaviors/Intentions for Those Who Filled out HELP form and Those Who Did Not (n = 24 returned for 3-month follow-up).

  Did NOT fill out HELP ( = 9) mean or percent Did fill out HELP (n = 15) mean or percent Statistically significant tests
Baseline F/U Baseline F/U
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge regarding EOL care (# correct out of 4 questions) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.1
ATTITUDES/FEELINGS*
Death is one of my major concerns or worries 1.75 1.75 1.82 1.88
Injury or pain is one of my major concerns or worries 2.50 2.13 2.13 2.37
I believe there are people who could help make decisions for me if I were seriously ill and could not say what kind of medical care I would want 2.89 2.13 2.19 2.13 A, C
It doesn’t matter if I make a living will or tell someone about my wishes, because doctors and nurses will do whatever they want in any case 1.13 1.38 1.31 1.06 C
I am confident that someone will know and follow my wishes about my medical treatment if I go to the hospital with a serious illness 2.38 2.75 2.25 2.06 C
I am confident that the right person will be notified if I am sick or dying 2.50 2.50 2.69 2.56
I am treated with respect when I go to the doctor’s or the hospital 2.50 2.25 2.31 2.38
Do you worry about death 25% 13% 50% 13% B‡
BEHAVIORS/INTENTIONS
I plan to talk to someone I know about what I would want to happen when I am seriously ill or dying (yes/no) 50% 63% 63% 94% A, B
I plan to (or have already) write down my wishes about end of life care 25% 25% 56% 100% A‡, B‡, C‡
I have made funeral arrangements or plans for my body’s final resting place 13% 0% 44% 19% A, B
I carry contact info of people if I become sick or die (yes/no) 25% 38% 69% 54% A

* 3-point Likert scale, 1 = Don’t agree, 2 = Somewhat agree, 3 = Strongly Agree

A. indicates an overall trend between filling out HELP form or not regardless of time; B. indicates an overall longitudinal trend regardless of filling out HELP form or not; C. indicates a differential longitudinal trend between those who filled out HELP and those who did not. Trends determined at the 0.10 level. ‡ indicates statistical significance at 0.05 level