Table 4.
Results of Multivariable Logistic Regression Models Evaluating the Association of Family/Friend Support (FF Support), Psychological Factors, and Professional Support with Diabetes Self-Management Behavior Adherence
| Test sugar AOR (95%CI)† per unit scale | Take diabetes medicines§ AOR (95%CI)† per unit scale | Meet CDC activity guidelines AOR (95%CI)‡ per unit scale | Follow meal plan AOR (95%CI)‡ per unit scale | Check feet AOR (95%CI)† per unit scale | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | |||||
| FF task-specific support | 1.77 (1.21–2.58)* | 1.64 Oral (0.95–2.84) | 1.31 (0.98–1.73) | 1.29 (0.97–1.70) | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) |
| 0.47 Insulin (0.18–1.27) | |||||
| Model 2 – Psychological factors | |||||
| FF task-specific support | 1.65 (1.11–2.46)* | 1.57 Oral (0.91–2.71) | 1.3 (0.98–1.75) | 1.12 (0.83–1.50) | 1.13 (0.81–1.58) |
| 0.40 Insulin (0.14–1.11) | |||||
| Diabetes self-efficacy | 1.33 (1.09–1.63)* | 1.19 (0.94–1.52) | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 1.24 (1.07–1.44)* | 1.22 (1.02–1.46)* |
| Depression symptoms | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.92 (0.85–0.99)* | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
| Model 3 – Other support sources | |||||
| FF task-specific support | 1.70 (1.15–2.50)* | 1.34 Oral (0.75–2.39) | 1.27 (0.94–1.72) | 1.42 (1.05–1.93)* | 1.20 (0.86–1.69) |
| 0.38 Insulin (0.13–1.12) | |||||
| Physician support | 0.86 (0.54–1.35) | 1.45 (0.79–2.66) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) | 0.68 (0.48–0.97)* | 0.85 (0.54–1.36) |
| Other professional support | 0.97 (0.58–1.61) | 0.57 (0.27–1.17) | 0.75 (0.51–1.12) | 1.61 (1.11–2.34)* | 1.72 (1.07–2.78)* |
*CI does not cross 1
Model 1: Adjusted for demographics (gender, education, age, and race/ethnicity), health factors (medication regimen, functional limitations), and family/friend task support (1–5 scale)
Model 2: Model 1 + Self-Efficacy (0–10 scale) + Depression Symptoms (0–27 scale, higher score=higher depression severity)
Model 3: Model 1 + Physician Support (1–5 scale) + Other Professional Support (1–5 scale)
†AOR obtained with logistic regression
‡AOR obtained with ordered logistic regression
§All models for taking medicines excluded participants not on a diabetes medication regimen (model N 139) and included the interaction term medication regimen × FF support