Table 2.
Daily intervention of bioactive components from different food sources and duration of clinical trials included for meta-analysis
| Source | Daily intervention | Active component | Food source | Placebo | Duration (weeks) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hata et al. (10) | 100 ml fermented milk | 1.5 mg VPP and 1.1 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 100 ml artificially acidified milk | 8 |
| Kawasaki et al. (11) | 100 ml beverage with hydrolyzed sardine muscle | 3 mg VY peptide | Fish | 100 ml beverage without hydrolyzed sardine muscle | 4 |
| Kawase et al. (12) | 400 ml fermented milk with whey protein concentrate | Whey protein concentrate | Milk | 400 ml artificially acidified milk | 8 |
| Fujita et al. (13) | 10 tablets with active Katsuobushi oligopeptide | 1.5 g Katsuobushi oligopeptide | Bonito (fish) | 10 tablets with inactive Katsuobushi powder | 5 |
| Seppo et al. (14) | 150 ml fermented milk with strain that increase production of bioactive peptides | 1.5 mg VPP and 1.1 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 150 ml ordinary fermented milk | 8 |
| Seppo et al. (15) | 150 ml fermented milk with process to increase production of bioactive peptides | 2.5 mg VPP and 2.25 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 150 ml ordinary fermented milk | 8 |
| Mizushima et al. (16) | 160 g fermented milk | 1.92 mg VPP and 1.15 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 160 g artificially acidified milk | 4 |
| Toumilehto et al. (17) | 150 ml fermented milk with Lb. helveticus | 2.5 mg VPP and 2.5 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 150 ml ordinary fermented milk | 10 |
| Aihara et al. (8) | 12 g dried product from fermented milk | 8.3 mg VPP and 4.7 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 12 g dried product made without fermentation | 4 |
| Jauhiainen et al. (18) | 300 ml milk fermented with Lb. helveticus | 30 mg VPP and 22.5 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 300 ml ordinary fermented milk | 10 |
| Mizuno et al. (9) | Two tablets of hydrolyzed casein | 3.6 mg of VPP + IPP peptide | Milk | Tablets without hydrolyzed casein | |
| Sano et al. (19) | 200 ml fruit juice with hydrolyzed casein | 1.47 mg VPP and 1.6 mg IPP peptide | Milk | 200 ml fruit juice without hydrolyzed casein | 12 |
| Cadée et al. (20) | Tablets containing C12 Peptide (DMV International, The Netherlands) | 3.8 g C12 peptide | Milk | Placebo tablets | 4 |
| Lee et al. (21) | 125 ml skimmed milk based beverage with whey powder | Whey powder | Milk | 125 ml skimmed milk based beverage | 12 |
| Pins et al. (22) | Hydrolyzed whey powder mixed with water | Hydrolyzed whey powder | Milk | Unhydrolyzed whey powder mixed with water | 6 |
*Data from participants with high-normal blood pressure.
**Data from participants with mild hypertension.