Figure 4.

Angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) exposed to TNF-α (1 ng/ml), and the dose-dependent effects of simvastatin (S, 0.1, 1, and 10μmol/L). Top: representative tube formation images (5×). Bottom: Quantification of tube formation (0.1, 1, and 10μmol/L), migration, and proliferation (1μmol/L) in HUVEC exposed to TNF-α and simvastatin. The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on the tube formation induced by TNF-α was similar at 0.1 and 1μmol/L, but further inhibited in 0μmol/L. This effect was reversed by mevalonate (M, co-incubated with 1μmol/L). *p<0.05 vs. Normal, †p<0.05 vs. TNF-α, ‡p<0.05 vs. simvastatin at 0.1 and 1μmol/L