. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 1;165(10):1338–1344. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010125

Table 3.

Standardized effect size estimates (ES) and p-values from Adoption Status (ADOP) by Exposure to Parent Smoking (EXP) ANOVA of Quantitative Outcomes

	ADOP		EXP		ADOP × EXP		EXP in Adopted Adolescents	EXP in Non-Adopted Adolescents

	F	p	F	p	F	p	ES	ES
Quantitative Indicators
Delinquency¹	3.12	.08	11.16	<.001	8.22	<.01	.07	.58^***
Antisocial Attitudes	0.00	.99	9.85	<.01	5.91	<.05	.08	.51^***
Aggressive Attitudes	1.35	.25	3.64	.06	7.18	<.01	-.06	.42^**
Harm Avoidance	0.59	.44	11.92	<.001	12.38	<.001	-.01	-.59^***
Disruptive Disorder Symptoms¹	28.20	<.001	0.59	.44	11.38	<.001	-.22	.36^**

Variables were log-transformed prior to analysis to reduce skew.

Note: Covariates include sex, age, and ethnicity. Disruptive disorder symptoms include symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorder (CD). Significant effects are highlighted in bold. Standardized effect size, ES, are computed as the mean of the offspring of ever nicotine dependent parents minus the mean of the offspring of never nicotine dependent parents divided by the residual standard deviation. Significance of ES:

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p < .001.