In vivo regression of tumors after intratumoral injection of Ad-mda7 or Ad-ER-mda7 in nu/nu mice. A, A549 tumor growth was significantly inhibited after injection with Ad-mda7 or Ad-ER-mda7 as opposed to PBS or Ad-luc. In each case, mice received a total of 3 injections over 6 days. Tumor volumes (vertical axis) were measured in 6-9 mice per group over 30 days; data represent the mean (SD). B. Histology of A549 tumors 24 hours after last treatment with PBS, Ad-luc, Ad-mda7, or Ad-ER-mda7 (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×40 magnification). Analysis of A549 lung tumor tissues showed that the growth inhibition observed in Ad-mda7- or Ad-ER-mda7-treated mice was caused by MDA-7 protein expression and apoptosis. In addition, MDA-7 protein expression was associated with increased p-JNK and PKR expression in tumor tissues treated with Ad-mda7 or Ad-ER-mda7 as opposed to controls (PBS or Ad-luc).