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Pathways of apoptosis. Apoptosis in cardiomyocytes can be mediated by mitochondria (blue shaded area), in a pathway initiated by the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, or through the death-receptor pathway. The net result of both these pathways is to activate caspase-3, the final effector enzyme of apoptosis. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [11]
