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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2008 Dec;217(3):652–666. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21539

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

The biological activity of titanium particles with adherent endotoxin is not due to the release of soluble LPS. RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with “endotoxin-free” titanium particles, titanium particles with adherent endotoxin, or soluble LPS for 90 minutes. Following this incubation period, TNFα protein (A) was measured by ELISA and endotoxin levels (B) were measured by the LAL assay. Results are presented as (mean ± SEM of three experiments). Asterisks denote p<0.05 compared to the PBS control group.