Table 1.

Characteristics of participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) included in or excluded from the study.

	Excluded	Selected	p-value*
N	1843	4971
Age (years)	64 (10)	62 (10)	<0.001
Male	842 (46)	2371 (48)	0.14
Race/ethnicity
White	679 (37)	1945 (39)	0.09
Chinese	151 (8)	652 (13)	<0.001
African American	619 (34)	1276 (26)	<0.001
Hispanic	394 (21)	1098 (22)	0.53
BMI† (kg/m2)	30.0 (6)	27.7 (5)	<0.001
Ever Smoked	970 (53)	2404 (49)	0.001
Current Smoking	256 (14)	631 (13)	0.2
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	130 (22)	125 (21)	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	72 (10)	72 (10)	0.3
Taking antihypertensive medications	781 (42)	1755 (35)	<0.001
Hypertension‡	949 (52)	2109 (42)	<0.001
Diabetes§	331 (18)	640 (13)	<0.001
Creatinine – based eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)∥	81 (21)	81 (17)	0.4
Cystatin C (mg/L)	0.92 (0.25)	0.88 (0.24)	<0.001
eGFRcysC(ml/min/1.73m2)**	89 (22)	94 (32)	<0.001

Data are means (standard deviations) or number (%).

^*P values are from a t-test for trend or chi squared test.

^†BMI = body mass index

^‡Hypertension was defined as either systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, or treatment with antihypertensive medications for blood pressure control.

^§Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose >= 126 mg/dL(7 mmol/l), taking insulin, or oral diabetes medication.

^∥creatinine-based eGFR = estimated GFR using the creatinine-based Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.(31)

^**cystatin C-based eGFR(26)