Table 2. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.
| IET
(N=81) |
ANAET
(N=94) |
APAET
(N=58) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristic | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| Female Gender | 40 (49) | 49 (52) | 26 (48) |
|
| |||
| White Race | 64 (79) | 77 (82) | 51 (88) |
|
| |||
| Age at Enrollment, in months | |||
| Mean (SD) | 6.0 (1.7) | 27.1 (12.0) | 30.1 (13.3) |
| Range | 2.4 to 9.5 | 8.4 to 58.8 | 9.6 to 58.3 |
| 2 to <3 months | 6 (7) | ---- | ---- |
| 3 to <6 months | 31 (38) | ---- | ---- |
| 6 to <9 months | 42 (52) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
| 9 to <12 months | 2 (2) | 5 (5) | 2 (3) |
| 12 to <24 months | ---- | 35 (37) | 21 (36) |
| 24 to <36 months | ---- | 31 (33) | 18 (31) |
| 36 to <48 months | ---- | 14 (15) | 9 (16) |
| 48 to <60 months | ---- | 7 (7) | 8 (14) |
|
| |||
| Duration of Constant Esotropia At Enrollment*, in months | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.0 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.4) |
| Range | 0.4 to 5.8 | 0.2 to 5.8 | 0.5 (5.9) |
| 0 to <1 month | 8 (10) | 4 (4) | 1 (2) |
| 1 to <2 months | 15 (19) | 17 (18) | 11 (19) |
| 2 to <3 month | 18 (22) | 29 (31) | 14 (24) |
| 3 to <4 month | 14 (17) | 17 (18) | 11 (19) |
| 4 to <5 month | 17 (21) | 14 (15) | 10 (17) |
| 5 to <6 month | 9 (11) | 13 (14) | 11 (19) |
|
| |||
| Angle of Deviation, in prism diopters | |||
| Mean | 34.5 (9.8) | 30.1 (8.8) | 28.4 (9.2) |
| Range | 20.0 to 50 | 16.0 to 50.0 | 16.0 to 50.0 |
| 15 to 30 PD | 35 (43) | 56 (60) | 45 (78) |
| 31 to 40 PD | 23 (28) | 29 (31) | 6 (10) |
| 41 to 50 PD | 23 (28) | 9 (10) | 7 (12) |
|
| |||
| Measurement Method | |||
| PACT at Near | 57 (70) | 94 (100) | 58 (100) |
| Krimsky at Near | 24 (30) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
| |||
| Esotropia Character | |||
| Constant | 73 (90) | 89 (95) | 56 (97) |
| Variable** | 8 (10) | 5 (5) | 2 (3) |
|
| |||
| Significant Refractive Error*** | 13 (16) | 41 (44) | 55 (95) |
|
| |||
| Spectacle Correction | 23 (28) | 51 (54) | 58 (100) |
|
| |||
| Amblyopia**** | 20 (25) | 37 (40) | 23 (40) |
|
| |||
| Method of Assessing For Amblyopia | |||
| Fixation preference | 76 (94) | 74 (80) | 39 (67) |
| Visual Acuity | 0 (0) | 13 (14) | 18 (31) |
| Unknown | 5 (6) | 6 (6) | 1 (2) |
|
| |||
| Inferior oblique overaction | 1 (1) | 14 (15) | 10 (17) |
|
| |||
| Superior oblique overaction | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
|
| |||
| Dissociated vertical deviation | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
| |||
| Nystagmus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
| |||
| Vertical pattern present***** | 2 (2) | 10 (11) | 5 (9) |
IET = infantile esotropia, ANAET = acquired non-accommodative esotropia, ANAET = acquired partially-accommodative esotropia, PD = prism diopters, SD = standard deviation, PACT = Prism and Alternate Cover Test
Time with esotropia prior to 2 months of age did not count towards the calculation of duration.
Variable refers to a deviation that changed in magnitude during the examination but was not intermittent.
- Spherical equivalent in one or both eyes ≥ +3.00 D for IET or ≥ ±2.00 D for ANAET and ANAET
- Astigmatism in one or both eyes ≥ +3.50 D for IET or ≥ ±2.50 D for ANAET and APAET
- Anisometropia ≥ 2.00D in spherical equivalent
Presence of amblyopia was assessed by optotype visual acuity if possible, with amblyopia considered present if two lines or more difference existed in visual acuity between the eyes. For subjects in whom optotype testing was not possible, an assessment of fixation preference was made, with amblyopia considered present if the subject had a preferred eye and if the nonpreferred eye could not maintain fixation for ≥3 seconds or through a blink or through a smooth pursuit.
For IET, 2 subjects had a V pattern present; for ANAET, 8 subjects had a V pattern and 2 had an A pattern; for APAET, 5 subjects had a V pattern