Table 4. Angle Stability Overall and According to Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristic | N | Ocular Alignment Stability | Risk Ratios for Unstable Versus Stable (99% Confidence Interval)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stable | Uncertain | Unstable | ||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
| SUBJECTS WITH IET (N=59) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Overall | 59 | 12 (20) | 20 (34) | 27 (46) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Age at Baseline, in months | ||||||
| 0-<6 months | 32 | 3 (9) | 12 (38) | 17 (53) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6-<12 months | 27 | 9 (33) | 8 (30) | 10 (37) | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.14) | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.14) |
| Per additional month of age | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.85 (.074 to 0.99) | 0.85 (.74 to 0.99) |
|
| ||||||
| Measurement Method | ||||||
| PACT at Near | 41 | 9 (22) | 17 (41) | 15 (37) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Krimsky At Near | 18 | 3 (17) | 3 (17) | 12 (67) | 1.28 (0.76 to 2.17) | 1.06 (0.63 to 1.77) |
|
| ||||||
| Esotropia at Baseline, in prism diopters | ||||||
| 20-30 PD | 22 | 4 (18) | 7 (32) | 11 (50) | 1.10 (0.64 to 1.90) | 1.23 (0.73 to 2.05) |
| 31-50 PD | 37 | 8 (22) | 13 (35) | 16 (43) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Duration of Constant Esotropia at Baseline | ||||||
| 0-<3 month | 32 | 5 (16) | 8 (25) | 19 (59) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4-<6 month | 27 | 7 (26) | 12 (44) | 8 (30) | 0.67 (0.34 to 1.33) | 1.00 (0.41 to 2.43) |
| Per additional month of age | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.04) | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.35) |
|
| ||||||
| Spectacle Wear | ||||||
| Yes (initiated at enrollment) | 15 | 6 (40) | 4 (27) | 5 (33) | 0.58 (0.24 to 1.41) | 0.66 (0.30 to 1.44) |
| No | 44 | 6 (14) | 16 (36) | 22 (50) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia at Baseline | ||||||
| Yes | 15 | 3 (20) | 7 (47) | 5 (33) | 0.88 (0.41 to 1.89) | 0.87 (0.48 to 1.58) |
| No | 44 | 9 (20) | 13 (30) | 22 (50) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia Anytime During 18 Weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 28 | 6 (21) | 11 (39) | 11 (39) | 0.89 (0.50 to 1.57) | 0.84 (0.50 to 1.41) |
| No | 31 | 6 (19) | 9 (29) | 16 (52) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Patching Anytime During 18 Weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 36 | 7 (19) | 11 (31) | 18 (50) | 1.12 (0.61 to 2.05) | 1.12 (0.64 to 1.95) |
| No | 23 | 5 (22) | 9 (39) | 9 (39) | ----- | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| SUBJECTS WITH ANAET (N=60) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Overall | 60 | 22 (37) | 25 (42) | 13 (22) | ----- | |
|
| ||||||
| Age at Baseline, in months | ||||||
| 6 to <24 months | 27 | 11 (41) | 9 (33) | 7 (26) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 24 to <60 months | 33 | 11 (33) | 16 (48) | 6 (18) | 0.91 (0.29 to 2.83) | 1.10 (0.38 to 3.19) |
| Per additional month of age | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) |
|
| ||||||
| Esotropia at Baseline, in prism diopters | ||||||
| 15 to 30 PD | 38 | 13 (34) | 15 (39) | 10 (26) | 1.74 (0.42 to 7.24) | 1.51 (0.36 to 6.29) |
| 31 to 50 PD | 22 | 9 (41) | 10 (45) | 3 (14) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Duration of Constant Esotropia at Baseline | ||||||
| 0-<3 months | 31 | 11 (35) | 10 (32) | 10 (32) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4-<6 months | 29 | 11 (38) | 15 (52) | 3 (10) | 0.45 (0.11 to 1.91) | 0.45 (0.11 to 1.91) |
| Per additional month of duration | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.64 (0.46 to 0.89) | 0.64 (0.46 to 0.89) |
|
| ||||||
| Spectacle Wear | ||||||
| Yes | 36 | 13 (36) | 16 (44) | 7 (19) | 1.14 (0.37 to 3.54) | 0.72 (0.23 to 2.24) |
| No | 24 | 9 (38) | 9 (38) | 6 (25) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia at Baseline | ||||||
| Yes | 21 | 7 (33) | 9 (43) | 5 (24) | 1.20 (0.38 to 3.77) | 1.39 (0.44 to 4.45) |
| No | 39 | 15 (38) | 16 (41) | 8 (21) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia Anytime During 18 Weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 35 | 14 (40) | 13 (37) | 8 (23) | 0.95 (0.30 to 3.01) | 1.06 (0.36 to 3.11) |
| No | 25 | 8 (32) | 12 (48) | 5 (20) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Patching Anytime During 18 Weeks** | ||||||
| Yes | 39 | 16 (41) | 15 (38) | 8 (21) | 0.73 (0.24 to 2.27) | 0.86 (0.30 to 2.49) |
| No | 21 | 6 (29) | 10 (48) | 5 (24) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| SUBJECTS WITH APAET (N=41) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Overall | 41 | 16 (39) | 19 (46) | 6 (15) | 1.00 | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Age at Baseline, in months | ||||||
| 6 to <24 months | 15 | 3 (20) | 9 (60) | 3 (20) | 1.00 | ----- |
| 24 to <60 months | 26 | 13 (50) | 10 (38) | 3 (12) | 0.38 (0.07 to 2.06) | ----- |
| Per additional month of age | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Esotropia at Baseline, in prism diopters | ||||||
| 15 to 30 PD | 33 | 11 (33) | 16 (48) | 6 (18) | not estimable | ----- |
| 31 to 50 PD | 8 | 5 (63) | 3 (38) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Duration of Constant Esotropia at Baseline | ||||||
| 0 to <3 months | 17 | 6 (35) | 8 (47) | 3 (18) | 1.00 | ----- |
| 4 to <6 months | 24 | 10 (42) | 11 (46) | 3 (13) | 0.69 (0.12 to 4.11) | ----- |
| Per additional month of duration | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.77 (0.41 to 1.43) | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia at Baseline | ||||||
| Yes | 14 | 5 (36) | 5 (36) | 4 (29) | 2.89 (0.42 to 19.92) | ----- |
| No | 27 | 11 (41) | 15 (52) | 2 (7) | 1.00 | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Amblyopia Anytime During 18 Weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 19 | 6 (32) | 8 (42) | 5 (26) | 5.00 (0.37 to 67.26) | ----- |
| No | 22 | 10 (45) | 11 (50) | 1 (5) | 1.00 | ----- |
|
| ||||||
| Patching Anytime During 18 Weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 28 | 10 (36) | 13 (46) | 5 (18) | 2.33 (0.18 to 30.29) | ----- |
| No | 13 | 6 (46) | 6 (46) | 1 (8) | 1.00 | ----- |
IET = infantile esotropia, ANAET = acquired non-accommodative esotropia, ANAET = acquired partially-accommodative esotropia,
*
Risk ratios and 99% confidence intervals are from Poisson regression models using a dichotomous variable unstable versus stable as the dependent variable. Subjects whose ocular alignment stability was classified as uncertain are not included in these analyses. The reference level of the given factor is indicated by 1.00. Unadjusted models contain the factor of interest as the only covariate. For subjects with IET, adjusted models include continuous age and the factor of interest as covariates. For subjects with ANAET, adjusted models include continuous duration of esotropia at baseline and the factor of interest as covariates. There are no adjusted models for subjects with APAET because no factor was found to be related to instability vs. stability in unadjusted models.