Effect of a RAGE-specific siRNA transfection of PPT1-deficient astroglial cells to suppress RAGE expression. Both WT and PPT1-KO astroglial cells were transfected with siRNAs or with a scrambled siRNA (Ambion, USA) as control. Western blot analyses were performed using anti-RAGE , -ß-Actin, -pSrc, c-Src, -pERK1/2, -ERK1/2, -pP38 or –P38 antibodies.