Table 1.

Comparative biological activity of GSE-I and GSE-II in human CRC cell lines^a

LoVo Cells (GSE-I)					LoVo Cells (GSE-II)
Total cell number X 105					Total cell number X 105
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	3.4±0.6	3.7±0.4	3.6±0.3	2.1±0.2*	2.7±0.2	2.3±0.3	1.9±0.1#	1.4±0.2$
24h	9.6±1.0	8.3±1.3	6.0±0.7#	2.9±1.0$	4.9±0.2	4.3±0.7	3.0±0.3#	2.0±0.2$
48h	15.0±2.9	7.8±0.8#	4.7±0.8$	1.9±0.2$	12.5±1.1	10.0±1.5	2.5±0.1$	1.9±0.4$
Percent Dead Cell Population					Percent Dead Cell Population
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	4.2±1.8	9.1±4.2	18.0±1.6$	35.0±7.4#	3.4±0.7	8.2±0.2	21.9±0.8$	47.3±1.1$
24h	9.8±2.4	12.7±1.1	23.6±6.3	56.0±15*	5.6±1.4	12.0±4.1	30.0±2.3$	55.0±12#
48h	13.6±4.1	14.1±6.1	26.2±4.8*	44.0±5.9*	8.9±0.9	12.0±2.8	35.8±4.7$	49.4±4.7$
HT29 Cells (GSE-I)					HT29 Cells (GSE-II)
	Total cell number X 105				Total cell number X 105
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	2.4±0.5	1.9±0.4	1.6±0.3	1.5±0.1#	2.0±0.2	1.6±0.4	1.7±0.3	1.7±0.2
24h	4.0±0.34	4.0±0.4	4.0±0.6	2.4±0.3#	3.3±0.2	2.8±0.5	2.2±0.3	1.9±0.3#
48h	8.0±1.4	8.3±1.8	6.5±0.2	3.2±0.7#	6.4±0.2	5.6±0.5	5.0±0.4#	1.4±0.2$
Percent Dead Cell Population					Percent Dead Cell Population
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	1.4±0.6	1.7±0.7	4.1±0.9	5.6±1.9*	3.3±1.4	4.0±0.7	8.3±1.3*	12.0±1.4#
24h	3.7±2.2	4.8±1.6	6.1±2.5	14.0±2.4*	5.1±1.6	5.5±1.0	10.4±1.8	26.8±4.1#
48h	4.8±1.4	6.6±3.3	11.0±2.7	18.0±8.5*	4.7±0.1	10.0±1.4	17.0±3.8#	33.0±4.5$
SW480 Cells (GSE-I)					SW480 Cells (GSE-II)
	Total cell number X 105				Total cell number X 105
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	1.2±0.1	1.3±0.2	1.3±0.1	1.2±0.2	1.2±0.1	0.9±0.1	0.9±0.1	0.7±0.2#
24h	2.0±0.3	2.2±0.4	1.9±0.5	1.4±0.3$	1.3±0.2	0.9±0.1	0.7±0.1#	0.6±0.1$
48h	3.0±0.3	2.0±0.1#	1.8±0.2$	1.3±0.2$	2.2±0.4	0.8±0.1$	0.8±0.1$	0.7±0.1$
Percent Dead Cell Population					Percent Dead Cell Population
Time	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml	Control	25 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100μg/ml
12h	2.7±2.4	3.4±2.4	6.6±2.3	14.0±5.3*	4.3±0.3	5.4±0.6*	16.0±4.1#	20.5±4.2#
24h	4.6±1.4	13.2±9.2	11.3±6.0	30.0±7.0#	3.8±0.4	15.0±2.6#	29.0±4.2#	40.0±9.6#
48h	4.4±0.8	10.0±3.6	15.0±0.8#	33.6±10*	4.2±1.1	14.6±3.6#	25.4±2.2$	56.0±9.2$

^aThe biological activity of GSE-I and GSE-II was measured in terms of their effects on total cell number and percentage of cell death. The data shown in each case are mean of three independent observations with standard deviation, and were reproducible in two additional independent experiments.

^*P< 0.05;

^#P<0.01;

^$P<0.001, control (DMSO) versus various GSE-I/GSE-II treatments as indicated in the Table.