Figure 4. Summary of the effects of mammalian DNA viruses on the components of the PI3K–Akt–mTOR pathway, the substrates of mTORC1 and the eIF4F complex.
The many activating and inhibitory mechanisms that are used by DNA viruses to maintain mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and cap-dependent translation are summarized. However, it should be noted that these effects might also provide many other physiological changes in the cell that can benefit a productive viral infection and contribute to viral pathogenesis. 4E-BP, eIF4E binding protein; AD, adenovirus; eIF, eukaryotic elongation factor; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HPV, human papillomavirus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; Mnk1, mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MV, myxoma virus; PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; S6, ribosomal protein S6; S6K, p70S6 kinase; ST, small tumour antigen; SV, simian virus 40; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; VV, vaccinia virus.