Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression for the evaluation of risk factors for lung metastasis in esophageal cancer, Columbia University and Weill Cornell Medical Centers. Results are presented for smoking status categorized as ever/never/unknown as well as for ever/never (with unknowns grouped with never smokers).

		Site of metastasis = Lung
	Original Model		Alternate Model*
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI
Smoking history
Never*	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever	1.89	0.80-4.46	2.35	1.11-4.97
Unknown	0.54	0.14-2.09	N/A
Sex
Female	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Male	1.56	0.68-3.60	1.55	0.67-3.56
Race/Ethnicity
White	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Black	1.84	0.63-5.34	1.88	0.65-5.42
Hispanic	0.91	0.28-2.96	0.97	0.30-3.11
Other/Unknown	0.73	0.19-2.88	0.66	0.17-2.56
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Squamous cell	0.65	0.27-1.60	0.74	0.31-1.77
Other	0.42	0.08-2.10	0.27	0.05-1.59
Tumor subsite
GE junction	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Lower esophagus	1.71	0.66-4.42	1.65	0.64-4.24
Mid esophagus	2.08	0.61-7.16	1.92	0.56-6.53
Upper esophagus	4.71	1.20-18.5	4.37	1.11-17.1
Age
<50	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
50-59	0.86	0.28-2.68	0.85	0.27-2.64
60-69	0.95	0.36-2.55	1.03	0.39-2.77
≥70	1.04	0.37-2.91	1.16	0.42-3.24
Year of diagnosis
1988-1994	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
1995-2000	1.50	0.34-6.60	1.35	0.31-5.84
2001-2006	2.44	0.57-10.4	2.16	0.52-9.01
Study site
Cornell	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Columbia	0.95	0.42-2.16	0.82	0.38-1.78

^*Unknown smoking status subjects grouped with never smokers