Table 2.

Effects of pretreatment with lipoamide (LM) and lipoic acid (LA) on acrolein-induced decreases in mitochondrial functions

	Ca	A	LM	LM+A	LA	LA + A
GSH	53.5±2.7b	11.4±3.1†	61.1±2.9	88.3±5.1**	67.2±2.0	61.3±13.4**
SOD	79.6±2.1	54.8±0.6†	77.6±1.4	77.1±4.7*	75.7±2.6	72.8±5.7*
T-AOC	100	57.2±11.6†	99.4±5.6	128.8±6.8**	103.3±4.3	110.9±15.2*
GST	88.1±14.9	12.1±1.4†	94.7±13.1	78.7±13.9**	82.8±10.3	44.2±17.5

^aExperimental groups as in Table 1.

^bValues are means±SEM for assay-specific results of three or four independent experiments performed in triplicate. Intracellular GSH levels (mg/g protein), SOD activity (unit/mg protein), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC;%), and GST activity (milli-OD/min) are presented.

^†p<0.01 vs control.

^*p<0.05 and p<0.01 vs acrolein.