Schematic diagram illustrating the role of CoQ10 in energy production in the mitochondria and its neuroprotective effects. CoQ10 transports electrons between complexes I, II, and III, and causes the augmentation of complex I in the electron transport chain (A). It is also believed to inhibit the action of NF-κB, a transcription factor responsible for inflammation, autoimmune disease, viral infection and linked with cancer (B); and finally, it inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (C). A color version of this figure is available at www.optvissci.com