Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| Variable (n = 819) | No MetS (n=442) | MetS (n=377) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.5 (9.3) | 66.6 (8.3) | 0.87 |
| Sex (% female) | 217 (49.1) | 250 (66.3) | <0.0001 |
| Race | <0.005 | ||
| African-American (%) | 81 (18) | 55 (15) | |
| Hispanic (%) | 267 (60) | 275 (73) | |
| White (%) | 80 (18) | 42 (11) | |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 47 (11) | 134 (36) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 248 (56) | 293 (78) | <0.0001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 194 (44) | 204 (54) | <0.005 |
| Current smoking (%) | 72 (16) | 55 (15) | 0.51 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 64 (15) | 66 (18) | 0.237 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 59 (14) | 68 (18) | 0.065 |
| Flow-mediated dilation (%) | 6.29 (3.76) | 5.26 (3.70) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 (4.1) | 30.1 (5.0) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (in) | 35.2 (4.1) | 38.6 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200 (38) | 207 (41) | <0.05 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 101 (41) | 172 (99) | <0.0001 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 51 (15) | 40 (10) | <0.0001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 129 (36) | 134 (36) | 0.06 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 90 (32) | 121 (59) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138 (19) | 148 (19) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 (11) | 86 (10) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus was defined by a fasting blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dL, the subject’s self-report of a history of diabetes mellitus, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher or the subject’s self-report of such a history or use of antihypertensive medication. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a history of elevated cholesterol, taking medications for elevated cholesterol or a total cholesterol level greater than 240 mg/dL. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified ATP III criteria. Coronary artery disease was defined as history of angina, history of bypass surgery, bypass surgerty or angioplasty. Peripheral vascular disease was defined as self-reported peripheral arterial disease.