Figure 3.

Interactions between renin–angiotensin system, kinin–kallikrein system, and insulin signaling transduction pathways.

Abbreviations: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K, inositol 3 phosphatidil kinase; Ang, Angiotensin; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE2, angiotensin-convert-ing enzyme 2; AT₁, AT₂, angiotensinergic receptors types 1 and 2; Mas, Mas receptor of angiotensin-(1–7); NO, nitric oxide; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ET1, endothelin 1; TXA₂, thromboxane A₂; PAI 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor; VCMS, vascular smooth muscle cell; ICAM1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1.