Table 5 Dysmorphic signs in patients without SHOX deficiency (non‐SHOX), with SHOX deficiency (SHOX) and with Turner syndrome; both the non‐SHOX and SHOX groups include patients with Léri‐Weill syndrome.

Dysmorphic sign	Non‐SHOX n = 1540 (%)	SHOX n = 68 (%)	Turner syndrome n = 33 (%)	p Value Non‐SHOX vs SHOX	p Value SHOX vs Turner syndrome	p Value Non‐SHOX vs Turner syndrome
Micrognathia	221 (14.4)	16 (23.5)	3 (9.1)	0.052	0.106	0.613
High‐arched palate	457 (29.7)	34 (50.0)	24 (72.7)	<0.001	0.034	<0.001
Short forearm	108 (7.0)	25 (36.8)	2 (6.1)	<0.001	<0.001	0.999
Bowing of forearm	61 (4.0)	15 (22.1)	3 (9.1)	<0.001	0.165	0.148
Cubitus valgus	129 (8.4)	16 (23.5)	20 (60.6)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Short hands	304 (19.7)	13 (19.1)	7 (21.2)	0.999	0.796	0.826
Madelung deformity with pain	5 (0.3)	2 (2.9)	0	0.032	0.999	0.999
Madelung deformity without pain	30 (1.9)	14 (20.6)	1 (3.0)	<0.001	0.019	0.485
Dislocation of ulna at elbow	8 (0.5)	5 (7.4)	0	<0.001	0.170	0.999
Short lower leg	100 (6.5)	17 (25.0)	2 (6.1)	<0.001	0.029	0.999
Bowing of tibia	50 (3.2)	15 (22.1)	2 (6.1)	<0.001	0.050	0.298
Genu valgum	69 (4.5)	8 (11.8)	3 (9.1)	0.014	0.999	0.189
Short feet	198 (12.9)	11 (16.2)	2 (6.1)	0.459	0.212	0.423
Scoliosis	43 (2.8)	3 (4.4)	3 (9.1)	0.441	0.389	0.069
Muscular hypertrophy	142 (9.2)	24 (35.3)	1(3.0)	<0.001	<0.001	0.357
Other dysmorphic signs	251 (16.3)	8 (11.8)	19 (57.6)	0.400	<0.001	<0.001

SHOX, short‐stature homeobox containing gene.

p Values were calculated using Fisher's exact test.