Table 4 Differences in life expectancy (in years) due to smoking within the Zutphen Study, crude and adjusted for potential confounders.

	Total life expectancy		Disease‐free years of life
	Crude difference (95% CI)	Adjusted difference (95% CI)*	Crude difference (95% CI)	Adjusted difference (95% CI)*
Current overall smoking†	–6.8 (–9.1 to –4.5)	–6.5 (–11.5 to –1.4)	–5.8 (–8.5 to –3.1)	–5.9 (–8.6 to –3.1)
Current cigarette smoking†	–7.5 (–10.1 to –4.9)	–6.8 (–9.3 to –4.3)	–5.9 (–8.8 to –3.0)	–5.8 (–8.6 to –2.9)
No of cigarettes smoked†
1–10	–4.3 (–7.0 to –1.6)	–4.3 (–7.1 to –1.4)	–2.8 (–5.6 to 0.1)	–2.9 (–5.9 to 0.0)
11–20	–2.3 (–4.0 to –0.5)	–2.1 (–4.1 to –0.2)	–2.1 (–4.7 to 0.5)	–2.1 (–4.6 to 0.3)
21–30	–5.7 (–8.5 to –2.8)	–5.8 (–8.6 to –2.9)	–8.1 (–11.3 to –4.9)	–8.2 (–11.3 to –5.0)
>30	–8.9 (–14.0 to –3.8)	–8.8 (–13.9 to –3.7)	–11.0 (–16.2 to –5.7)	–10.6 (–14.9 to –6.3)
Stopped at age‡ (years)
40	5.5 (3.3 to 7.6)	4.6 (2.3 to 6.8)	3.6 (0.9 to 6.4)	3.0 (0.4 to 5.6)
50	3.8 (2.3 to 5.4)	3.3 (1.9 to 4.7)	2.6 (0.7 to 4.5)	1.7 (–0.2 to 3.5)
60	3.3 (2.2 to 4.4)	2.8 (1.7 to 4.0)	1.2 (–0.2 to 2.7)	0.7 (–0.9 to 2.3)
70	2.6 (1.8 to 3.4)	2.5 (1.6 to 3.4)	0.5 (–1.1 to 2.0)	0.3 (–1.3 to 1.9)

*Difference adjusted for baseline energy intake, alcohol use, body mass index, prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus and cancer, and socioeconomic status. Current cigarette smoking was additionally adjusted for cigar or pipe smoking.

†The number of life‐years lost compared with never or long‐term ex‐smokers—that is, men who stopped smoking ⩾10 years ago.

‡The differences represent the number of life‐years lost compared with continuing smoking at that age.