Table 2.
Historical trend in per capita asbestos use and status of national ban.
Use of asbestosa (kg per capita/year)
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country code | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | Change in use (Δ) from 1970 to 1985b | National banc |
Asia | ||||||||
ISR | 3.13 | 2.87 | 1.23 | 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.02 | −0.59 | No ban |
JPN | 0.56 | 2.02 | 2.92 | 2.66 | 1.81 | 0.46 | 0.12 | 2004 |
Othersd (n = 39) | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 3/39 |
Eastern Europe and Southern Europe | ||||||||
HRV | 0.39 | 1.13 | 2.56 | 2.36 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.49 | No ban |
CZE | 1.62 | 2.36 | 2.91 | 2.73 | 1.30 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 2005 |
HUN | 0.76 | 1.23 | 2.87 | 3.29 | 1.50 | 0.16 | 1.32 | 2005 |
POL | 0.36 | 1.24 | 2.36 | 2.09 | 1.05 | 0.01 | −0.11 | 1997 |
ROU | NA1 | NA1 | 1.08 | 0.19 | 0.52 | 0.55 | −1.73 | 2007 |
ESP | 0.32 | 1.37 | 2.23 | 1.26 | 0.80 | 0.18 | −1.07 | 2002 |
Othersd (n = 15) | 0.79 | 1.57 | 2.35 | 2.05 | 2.35 | 1.72 | 0.30 | 5/15 |
Northern Europe and Western Europe | ||||||||
AUT | 1.16 | 3.19 | 3.92 | 2.08 | 0.36 | 0.00 | −1.77 | 1990 |
DNK | 3.07 | 4.80 | 4.42 | 1.62 | 0.09 | NA2 | −2.96 | 1986 |
FIN | 2.16 | 2.26 | 1.89 | 0.78 | NA1 | 0 | −1.53 | 1992 |
FRA | 1.38 | 2.41 | 2.64 | 1.53 | 0.73 | 0.00 | −1.06 | 1996 |
DEU | 1.84 | 2.60 | 4.44 | 2.43 | 0.10 | 0.00 | −0.30 | 1993 |
ISL | 0.21 | 2.62 | 1.70 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.00 | −2.52 | 1983 |
LTU | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | 0.54 | 0.06 | NA1 | 2005 |
LUX | 4.02 | 5.54 | 5.30 | 3.23 | 1.61 | 0.00 | −2.04 | 2002 |
NLD | 1.29 | 1.70 | 1.82 | 0.72 | 0.21 | 0.00 | −1.20 | 1994 |
NOR | 1.38 | 2.00 | 1.16 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.00 | −1.72 | 1984 |
SWE | 1.85 | 2.30 | 1.44 | 0.11 | 0.04 | NA2 | −1.96 | 1986 |
GBR | 2.62 | 2.90 | 2.27 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.00 | −1.41 | 1999 |
Othersd (n = 5) | 3.05 | 4.32 | 4.05 | 2.40 | 0.93 | 0.05 | −1.30 | 5/5 |
Americas excluding South America | ||||||||
CAN | 2.76 | 3.46 | 4.37 | 2.74 | 1.96 | 0.32 | −1.66 | No ban |
CUB | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.74 | NA1 | No ban |
MEX | 0.28 | 0.57 | 0.97 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.04 | No ban |
USA | 3.82 | 3.32 | 2.40 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 0.01 | −1.73 | No ban |
Othersd (n = 12) | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.07 | −0.08 | 0/12 |
South America | ||||||||
ARG | NA1 | 0.88 | 0.76 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.04 | −0.26 | 2001 |
BRA | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.99 | 1.25 | 1.07 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 2001 |
CHL | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.56 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 2001 |
ECU | NA1 | NA1 | 0.67 | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.29 | No ban |
URY | NA1 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.08 | −0.20 | 2002 |
Othersd (n = 6) | 0.27 | 0.43 | 0.60 | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.19 | −0.04 | 0/6 |
Oceania | ||||||||
AUS | 3.24 | 4.84 | 5.11 | 1.82 | 0.09 | 0.03 | −2.71 | 2003 |
NZL | 2.05 | 2.56 | 2.90 | 1.00 | NA1 | NA1 | −2.56 | No ban |
Othersd (n = 3) | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | 0.22 | NA1 | 0/3 |
Abbreviations: NA 1, data not available; NA 2, not applicable because of negative use data: 0.00 when the calculated data were < 0.005; 0 if there are no data after the year the ban was introduced. See Table 1 for country codes.
Numbers corresponding to use of asbestos by country and region were calculated as annual use per capita averaged over the respective decade.
Change in use (Δ, kilograms per capita/year) during the period defined as the difference between the average of consumption during the former subperiod (1970–1975) and latter subperiod (1980–1985).
Year first achieved or year planned to achieve ban. When shown as fraction, the numerator is the number of countries that achieved bans and the denominator is the number of other countries in the region.
Data on asbestos use were available (but mortality data unavailable) for others in each region, in which case data were aggregated.