Table 5.

Geometric means^* (95% confidence limits) for total NNAL^† and 1-hydroxypyrene by nicotine metabolite ratio level

	Nicotine Metabolite Ratio†						P for trend§
	Lower Tertile		Second Tertile		Upper Tertile
Total NNAL (pmol/mL)	n	Mean (95% CI)	n	Mean (95% CI)	n	Mean (95% CI)
All‡	193	0.70 (0.64–0.76)	192	0.79 (0.72–0.85)	193	0.80 (0.73–0.87)	0.03
Native Hawaiian	65	0.61 (0.53–0.71)	62	0.72 (0.62–0.84)	61	0.69 (0.59–0.81)	0.17
White	34	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	72	0.90 (0.79–1.03)	91	0.99 (0.88–1.12)	0.61
Japanese American	94	0.63 (0.56–0.71)	58	0.73 (0.63–0.86)	41	0.74 (0.62–0.89)	0.16
1-Hydroxypyrene (pmol/mL)
All‡	192	0.40 (0.31–0.51)	188	0.34 (0.26–0.43)	190	0.50 (0.39–0.65)	0.47
Native Hawaiian	65	0.37 (0.23–0.59)	60	0.35 (0.22–0.56)	60	0.50 (0.31–0.81)	0.65
White	34	0.40 (0.23–0.68)	71	0.31 (0.22–0.45)	90	0.52 (0.37–0.71)	0.58
Japanese American	93	0.42 (0.30–0.60)	57	0.35 (0.22–0.54)	40	0.52 (0.31–0.88)	0.54

^*Mean total NNAL (NNAL+NNAL-glucuronide) and mean 1-hydroxypyrene were adjusted for age, sex, cigarettes per day, and 12-hour urine volume by multiple covariance analysis.

^†Tertile categorization for nicotine metabolite ratio was based on all participants. First tertile: ≤ 0.484; second tertile: 0.484 to 1.10; third tertile: > 1.10.

^‡Further adjusted for race.

^§P-values for trend were obtained by treating nicotine metabolite ratio as a continuous variable.