Table 2. Rate of HPV transmission by source and target site in male-female couples*.
| Source site | Target site | No. transmission events |
Duration of exposure, mo† |
Transmission rate/100 person-months (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Oncogenic | Overall | Oncogenic | Overall | Oncogenic‡ | ||||
| Male to female | |||||||||
| Penis only | Cervix/urine | 2 | 1 | 102 | 41 | 1.9 (0.2–5.4) | 2.4 (0.06–9.0) | ||
| Penis only | Anus | 3 | 3 | 102 | 41 | 2.9 (0.6–7.1) | 7.3 (1.5–17.6) | ||
| Penis only | Hand | 2 | 1 | 102 | 41 | 1.9 (0.2–5.4) | 2.4 (0.06–9.0) | ||
| Any penis | Cervix/urine | 5 | 1 | 102 | 41 | 4.9 (1.6–10.0) | 2.4 (0.06–9.0) | ||
| Any penis | Anus | 6 | 5 | 102 | 41 | 5.9 (2.2–11.4) | 12.2 (3.9–24.9) | ||
| Any penis | Hand | 3 | 2 | 102 | 41 | 2.9 (0.6–7.1) | 4.9 (0.6–13.5) | ||
| Any scrotum | Cervix/urine | 3 | 0 | 50 | – | 6.0 (1.2–14.5) | – | ||
| Any scrotum | Anus | 3 | 2 | 50 | 27 | 6.0 (1.2–14.5) | 7.5 (0.9–20.9) | ||
| Any genital | Cervix/urine | 5 | 1 | 111 | 51 | 4.5 (1.5–9.3) | 2.0 (0.1–7.2) | ||
| Any genital |
Anus |
6 |
5 |
|
111 |
51 |
|
5.4 (2.0–10.6) |
9.8 (3.2–20.0) |
| Female to male | |||||||||
| Cervix only | Penis | 3 | 0 | 61 | – | 5.0 (1.0–11.9) | – | ||
| Cervix only | Scrotum | 1 | 0 | 61 | – | 1.6 (0.04–6.1) | – | ||
| Cervix only | Any genital | 4 | 0 | 61 | – | 6.6 (1.8–14.5) | – | ||
| Urine only | Penis | 2 | 1 | 55 | 36 | 3.7 (0.4–10.2) | 2.8 (0.1–10.4) | ||
| Urine only | Scrotum | 3 | 2 | 55 | 36 | 3.7 (.04–10.2) | 5.6 (0.7–15.7) | ||
| Urine only | Any genital | 5 | 3 | 55 | 36 | 9.2 (3.0–18.8) | 8.4 (1.7–20.3) | ||
| Cervix/urine only | Penis | 6 | 2 | 115 | 83 | 5.2 (1.9–10.1) | 2.4 (0.3–6.7) | ||
| Cervix/urine only | Scrotum | 5 | 3 | 115 | 83 | 4.3 (1.4–8.9) | 3.6 (0.7–8.7) | ||
| Any cervix/urine | Penis | 20 | 12 | 115 | 83 | 17.4 (10.6–25.8) | 14.6 (7.5–23.9) | ||
| Any cervix/urine | Scrotum | 12 | 8 | 115 | 83 | 10.4 (5.4–17.1) | 9.7 (4.2–17.4) | ||
| Any cervix/urine | Any genital | 32 | 20 | 115 | 83 | 27.8 (19.0–38.3) | 24.2 (14.8–35.9) | ||
| Any cervix/urine | Anus | 1 | 1 | 115 | 83 | 0.9 (0.02–3.2) | 1.2 (0.03–4.50 | ||
| Any cervix/urine | Hands | 1 | 1 | 115 | 83 | 0.9 (0.02–3.2) | 1.2 (0.03–4.5) | ||
| Anus only | Scrotum | 3 | 1 | 51 | 36 | 5.9 (1.2–14.2) | 2.7 (0.1–10.1) | ||
| Any anus | Any genital | 24 | 16 | 51 | 36 | 47.1 (30.2–67.7) | 44.0 (25.1–68.0) | ||
| Any hands |
Any genital |
4 |
2 |
|
426 |
373 |
|
28.2 (7.7–61.8) |
16.1 (1.9–44.8) |
| Self-inoculation | |||||||||
| Male§ | |||||||||
| Penis only | Scrotum | 5 | 1 | 102 | 41 | 4.9 (1.6–10.0) | 2.4 (0.1–9.0) | ||
| Scrotum only | Penis | 3 | 2 | 50 | 27 | 6.0 (1.2–14.5) | 7.5 (0.9–20.9) | ||
| Any genital | Any genital | 15 | 6 | 111 | 51 | 13.6 (7.6–21.3) | 11.7 (4.3–22.8) | ||
| Any genital | Hands | 3 | 2 | 111 | 51 | 2.7 (0.6–6.5) | 3.9 (0.5–10.9) | ||
| Anus only | Any genital | 3 | 2 | 29 | 21 | 10.2 (2.1–24.6) | 9.3 (1.1–26.0) | ||
| Female | |||||||||
| Cervix/urine only | Anus | 1 | 1 | 115 | 83 | 0.9 (0.02–3.2) | 1.2 (0.03–4.5) | ||
| Cervix/urine/anus | Hand | 3 | 2 | 166 | 119 | 1.8 (0.4–4.4) | 1.7 (0.2–4.7) | ||
*HPV, human papillomavirus; CI, confidence interval. †Based on the duration of infection in the source site. When HPV was detected at a given visit followed by the absence of that HPV type at the successive visit, the exposure period was estimated at half of the visit interval. ‡Includes probable oncogenic types. §Includes penis-to-penis subsite inoculations.