Table 2.

Studies that compare hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with other techniques.

Study	No. of patients	Tumor grade	Follow-up	Outcomes
Kawauchi et al. [18]	34 in HALN 34 in OS	24 patients in HALN arm and 25 in OS arm grade II	13.1 months in HALN,48.8 in OS	TTR for HALN 9.5 months with RR 12% TTR for OS 14.4 months with RR 47%
Seifman et al. [26]	16 in HALN 11 in OS	12 patients in HALN arm and 9 in OS grade II tumors	19 months in HALN,16 in OS	TR for HALN in 3 patients and for OS in 7 patients
Landman et al. [20]	16 in HALN 11 in LN	13 patients in HALN arm and 8 in LN arm grade III tumors	9.6 months in HALN,27.4 in LN	HALN decreases operative time without significantly altering short-term parameters of convalescence

HALN: hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, LN: laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, OS: open surgery, TTR: time to recurrence, RR: recurrence rate, TR: tumor recurrence.