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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Ecol. 2004 Jun;13(6):1341–1356. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02164.x

Table 4.

Comparison of linear selection gradients (β) and differentials (i) for phenotypic traits derived from natural, hybrid, and experimentally manipulated populations. Experimental (2) includes only traits that were directly manipulated or varied significantly among groups or treatments

β
i
Population type Trait (n) Mean ± SE Median Trait (n) Mean ± SE Median
Natural 814 0.15 ± 0.01 0.14 718 0.17 ± 0.01 0.13
Hybrid 148 0.09 ± 0.01 0.05 27 0.17 ± 0.03 0.09
Experimental 133 0.15 ± 0.02 0.13 63 0.36 ± 0.03 0.33
Experimental (2) 44 0.17 ± 0.03 0.18 34 0.26 ± 0.04 0.24