Table 3.

Estimates of population average direct, indirect, total, and overall effects per 1,000 individuals per year for data in Table 2

Effect	Parameter	Estimate	Estimated variance
Direct	${\stackrel{‒}{CE}}^D\left(\psi \right)$	1.30	.856
Direct	${\stackrel{‒}{CE}}^D\left(\varphi \right)$	3.64	.178
Indirect	${\stackrel{‒}{CE}}^I(\varphi ,\psi )$	2.81	3.079
Total	${\stackrel{‒}{CE}}^T(\varphi ,\psi )$	4.11	.672
Overall	${\stackrel{‒}{CE}}^O(\varphi ,\psi )$	2.37	1.430