Table 3. Mean scores in QOL domains by sociodemographics.

Sociodemographic	Subcategory	Physical (N = 989)		Psychological (N = 973)		Social (N = 987)		Environmental (N = 930)
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Gender	men	69.4	15.1	55.1	14.8	65.2	16.0	59.3	13.5
	women	70.4	14.2	54.5	14.9	69.0	13.8	60.2	12.3
	t-statistic, P-value	0.989	0.323	0.670	0.503	3.954	<0.001	−0.996	0.320
Age	20–29	71.7	14.3	55.3	16.6	67.8	16.6	60.0	13.1
	30–39	69.4	16.4	56.3	16.0	67.9	14.0	58.6	13.1
	40–49	69.8	13.7	53.6	14.0	65.5	15.8	58.1*	13.2
	50–59	68.5	14.7	53.0	14.5	65.2	15.2	60.3	13.0
	60–69	70.2	13.7	55.9	12.6	68.9	13.4	61.9*	11.8
	F-statistic, P-value	1.319	0.261	1.932	0.103	2.316	0.056	2.442	0.045
Area size of residence	12 major cities	69.0	14.1	53.4	13.4	65.7	13.7	57.8*	12.0
	Cities with population > = 100k	70.8	14.6	55.8	14.5	67.6	14.2	61.1*	13.0
	Cities with population <100k	70.4	15.2	56.1	15.8	67.9	17.4	60.7	13.3
	Rural areas	68.1	14.9	52.4	16.6	66.7	16.3	57.9	13.2
	F-statistic, P-value	1.644	0.178	2.943	0.032	1.100	0.348	4.577	0.003
Annual household income, JY	<5 million	68.2*	15.8	54.3	14.8	66.2	15.5	57.5	13.6
	> = 5 million & <8 million	70.3	14.0	54.8	14.1	66.8	15.8	59.2	12.4
	> = 8 million	72.4*	13.3	57.6	15.2	69.4	14.1	63.7*	12.1
	F-statistic, P-value	4.683	0.010	2.916	0.055	2.483	0.084	12.335	<0.001
Educational attainment	Junior high school or lower	65.4*	14.3	51.1*	12.8	64.7	14.4	58.2	10.4
	High school	69.9	13.3	54.2	14.3	66.6	14.7	58.7	12.8
	College or higher	70.5	15.6	55.9*	15.3	67.8	15.5	60.9	13.2
	F-statistic, P-value	3.999	0.019	4.051	0.018	1.611	0.200	3.499	0.031
Occupation	Self-employed	69.5	13.1	55.1	13.9	67.2	13.1	60.2	11.3
	Homemaker	71.9	13.2	55.6	14.1	69.7	13.2	61.5	12.7
	Employed	69.6	15.1	54.7	15.1	66.5	15.6	59.0	13.3
	Unemployed	69.4	15.7	54.0	16.2	66.1	16.5	60.8	12.9
	F-statistic, P-value	1.145	0.330	0.303	0.824	2.042	0.106	1.799	0.146

^*indicates a significant difference based on Tukey pairwise comparisons.