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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2008;8(3):203–219. doi: 10.2174/187152408785699613

Figure 5. TEER can be used to evaluate culture systems for endothelial monolayer and barrier formation.

Figure 5

Endothelial cells were cultured on astrocyte-seeded hydrogels as shown in Fig. (4). Electrical impedance was measured on bare electrodes, both before a contiguous monolayer of cells had formed (3 days), and after formation of an endothelial cell monolayer (7 and 14 days). Error bars represent SEM. Impedance was measured over a range of frequencies so that the effects of cell seeding, as well as the intrinsic electrode impedance properties, could be evaluated [153]. TEER has been well established as a method for assessing endothelial cell cultures in blood-brain barrier models. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provides an accurate and sensitive method for evaluating TEER.