Simulated NECEEM electropherogram. A1 is the peak area of L that was free in the equilibrium mixture (for NECEEM); A2 is the peak area of intact SL at the time of its passing the detector; A3 is the peak area of L dissociated from SL during the separation; and, tL, tSL, and tS are migration times from the capillary inlet to the detector of L, SL, and S, respectively (adapted from [68], with permission from Wiley and the author).