Table 3.

 Elbow extension test characteristics (95% confidence intervals shown in parentheses)

	Adults			Children			Combined
	Fracture	Fracture or effusion		Fracture	Fracture or effusion		Fracture	Fracture or effusion
Sensitivity	98.4 (96.3 to 99.5)	97.3 (95.2 to 98.6)		94.6 (90.7 to 97.2)	93.7 (90.3 to 96.2)		96.8 (95.0 to 98.2)	95.8 (94.0 to 97.2)
Specificity	47.7 (43.7 to 51.6)	54.3 (50.1 to 58.6)		49.5 (45.2 to 53.7)	54.8 (50.3 to 59.2)		48.5 (45.6 to 51.4)	54.6 (51.5 to 57.6)
Negative predictive value	98.4 (96.3 to 99.5)	96.5 (93.8 to 98.2)		95.8 (92.6 to 97.8)	93.7 (90.1 to 96.2)		97.2 (95.5 to 98.3)	95.2 (93.1 to 96.7)
Positive predictive value	48.1 (44.2 to 52.0)	61.0 (57.2 to 64.8)		42.8 (38.4 to 47.3)	54.8 (50.3 to 59.2)		45.8 (42.9 to 48.7)	58.3 (55.4 to 61.2)
Positive likelihood ratio	1.88 (1.75 to 2.03)	2.13 (1.95 to 2.34)		1.87 (1.72 to 2.05)	2.07 (1.88 to 2.30)		1.88 (1.78 to 1.99)	2.11 (1.97 to 2.26)
Negative likelihood ratio	0.03 (0.01 to 0.08)	0.05 (0.03 to 0.09)		0.11 (0.06 to 0.19)	0.11 (0.07 to 0.18)		0.06 (0.04 to 0.10)	0.08 (0.05 to 0.11)